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<title>Pedagogical pattern</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pedagogical pattern</span></span>

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<p>A <b>pedagogical pattern</b> is the re-usable form of a solution to a problem or task in <a href="Pedagogy" title="Pedagogy">pedagogy</a>, analogous to how a <a href="Design_pattern" title="Design pattern">design pattern</a> is the re-usable form of a solution to a <a href="Design" title="Design">design</a> problem. Pedagogical patterns are used to document and share <a href="Best_practice" title="Best practice">best practices</a> of teaching. A network of interrelated pedagogical patterns is an example of a <a href="Pattern_language" title="Pattern language">pattern language</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2></div>

<p>In a 2001 paper for <a href="SIGCSE" title="SIGCSE">SIGCSE</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Joseph Bergin wrote:

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</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>A pattern is supposed to capture best practice in some domain. Pedagogical patterns try to capture expert knowledge of the practice of teaching. [...] The intent [of pedagogical patterns] is to capture the essence of the practice in a compact form that can be easily communicated to those who need the knowledge. Presenting this information in a coherent and accessible form can mean the difference between every new instructor needing to relearn what is known by senior faculty and easy transference of knowledge of teaching within the community.</p></blockquote>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Example_structure_of_a_pattern">Example structure of a pattern</h2></div>

<p>Mitchell Weisburgh proposed nine aspects to documenting a pedagogical pattern for a certain skill.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not every pattern needs to include all nine. His listing is reproduced below:

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<ul><li><i>Name</i> – single word or short phrase that refers to the pattern. This allows for rapid association and retrieval.</li>

<li><i>Problem</i> – definition of a problem, including its intent or a desired outcome, and symptoms that would indicate that this problem exists.</li>

<li><i>Context</i> – preconditions which must exist in order for that problem to occur; this is often a situation. When forces conflict, the resolutions of those conflicts is often implied by the context.</li>

<li><i>Forces</i> – description of forces or constraints and how they interact. Some of the forces may be contradictory. For example: being thorough often conflicts with time or money constraints.</li>

<li><i>Solution</i> – instructions, possibly including variants. The solution may include pictures, diagrams, prose, or other media.</li>

<li><i>Examples</i> – sample applications and solutions, analogies, visual examples, and known uses can be especially helpful, help user understand the context</li>

<li><i>Resulting Context</i> – result after the pattern has been applied, including postconditions and side effects. It might also include new problems that might result from solving the original problem.</li>

<li><i>Rationale</i> – the thought processes that would go into selecting this pattern, The rationale includes an explanation of why this pattern works, how forces and constraints are resolved to construct a desired outcome.</li>

<li><i>Related Patterns</i> – differences and relationships with other patterns, possibly predecessor, antecedents, or alternatives that solve similar problems.</li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Modeling_(psychology)" title="Modeling (psychology)">Modeling (psychology)</a></li>

<li><a href="Teacher_education" title="Teacher education">Teacher education</a></li>

<li><a href="Teaching_method" title="Teaching method">Teaching method</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFBergin2001" class="citation book cs1">Bergin, Joseph (March 2001). "A pattern language for initial course design". <i>Proceedings of the Thirty-Second SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, Volume 33, Issue 1)</i>. SIGCSE '01. New York: <a href="Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. pp. 282–286 [282]. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F364447.364602">10.1145/364447.364602</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781581133295</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/51305304">51305304</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:564766">564766</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWeisburgh" class="citation web cs1">Weisburgh, Mitchell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140815031631/http://ifets.ieee.org/discussions/discuss_june2004.html">"Documenting good education and training practices through design patterns"</a>. <i><a href="IEEE" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE">IEEE</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ifets.ieee.org/discussions/discuss_june2004.html">the original</a> on 2014-08-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-10-17</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBennedsen2006" class="citation journal cs1">Bennedsen, Jens (June 2006). "The dissemination of pedagogical patterns". <i>Computer Science Education</i>. <b>16</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">119–</span>136. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F08993400600733590">10.1080/08993400600733590</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:12582991">12582991</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFBennedsenEriksen2006" class="citation journal cs1">Bennedsen, Jens; Eriksen, Ole (June 2006). "Categorizing pedagogical patterns by teaching activities and pedagogical values". <i>Computer Science Education</i>. <b>16</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">157–</span>172. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F08993400600768091">10.1080/08993400600768091</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205613486">205613486</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFConole2013" class="citation book cs1">Conole, Gráinne (2013). "Pedagogical patterns". <i>Designing for learning in an open world</i>. Explorations in the learning sciences, instructional systems and performance technologies. Vol. 4. New York: <a href="Springer-Verlag" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer-Verlag">Springer-Verlag</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">40–</span>43. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4419-8517-0_3">10.1007/978-1-4419-8517-0_3</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781441985163</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/731915958">731915958</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFDerntlBotturi2006" class="citation journal cs1">Derntl, Michael; Botturi, Luca (June 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228656632">"Essential use cases for pedagogical patterns"</a>. <i>Computer Science Education</i>. <b>16</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">137–</span>156. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F08993400600768182">10.1080/08993400600768182</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:37426541">37426541</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFFincher1999" class="citation journal cs1">Fincher, Sally (September 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/15198/">"Analysis of design: an exploration of patterns and pattern languages for pedagogy"</a>. <i>Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching</i>. <b>18</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">331–</span>348.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFGoodyear2005" class="citation journal cs1">Goodyear, Peter (March 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ajet.org.au/index.php/AJET/article/view/1344">"Educational design and networked learning: patterns, pattern languages and design practice"</a>. <i><a href="Australasian_Journal_of_Educational_Technology" title="Australasian Journal of Educational Technology">Australasian Journal of Educational Technology</a></i>. <b>21</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">82–</span>101. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.14742%2Fajet.1344">10.14742/ajet.1344</a></span>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFHaberman2006" class="citation journal cs1">Haberman, Bruria (June 2006). "Pedagogical patterns: a means for communication within the CS teaching community of practice". <i>Computer Science Education</i>. <b>16</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">87–</span>103. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F08993400600786994">10.1080/08993400600786994</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:23011626">23011626</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFHubscherFrizell2002" class="citation book cs1">Hubscher, Roland; Frizell, Sherri (2002). "Aligning theory and web-based instructional design practice with design patterns". In Driscoll, Margaret; Reeves, Thomas C. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228542179"><i>E-Learn 2002: world conference on e-learning in corporate, government, healthcare & higher education</i></a>. Chesapeake, VA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). pp. <span class="nowrap">298–</span>304. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781880094464</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/61510840">61510840</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFJonesStewartPower1999" class="citation book cs1">Jones, David; Stewart, Sharonn; Power, Leonie (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ascilite.org/conferences/brisbane99/papers/jonesstewart.pdf">"Patterns: using proven experience to develop online learning"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In Winn, Jenny (ed.). <i>ASCILITE'99: responding to diversity: proceedings from the 16th annual conference of the <a href="Australasian_Society_for_Computers_in_Learning_in_Tertiary_Education" title="Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education">Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education</a> (ASCILITE), December 5–8, 1999</i>. Brisbane: Teaching and Learning Support Services, <a href="Queensland_University_of_Technology" title="Queensland University of Technology">Queensland University of Technology</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">155–</span>162. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/223117208">223117208</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFLaurillard2012" class="citation book cs1">Laurillard, Diana (2012). <i>Teaching as a design science: building pedagogical patterns for learning and technology</i>. New York: <a href="Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780203125083">10.4324/9780203125083</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780415803854</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/754518543">754518543</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFMorMellarWarburtonWinters2014" class="citation book cs1">Mor, Yishay; Mellar, Harvey; Warburton, Steven; Winters, Niall (2014). <i>Practical design patterns for teaching and learning with technology</i>. Trails in education. Vol. 8. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-94-6209-530-4">10.1007/978-94-6209-530-4</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9789462095298</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/876802735">876802735</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFScottShurvilleMacleanCong2007" class="citation journal cs1">Scott, Bernard; Shurville, Simon; Maclean, Piers; Cong, Chunyu (January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220626585">"Cybernetic principles for learning design"</a>. <i><a href="Kybernetes" title="Kybernetes">Kybernetes</a></i>. <b>36</b> (9/10): <span class="nowrap">1497–</span>1514. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1108%2F03684920710827445">10.1108/03684920710827445</a>.</cite> In this article, pedagogical patterns are called <i>learning design patterns</i>.</li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFSharpMannsEckstein2003" class="citation journal cs1">Sharp, Helen; Manns, Mary Lynn; Eckstein, Jutta (December 2003). "Evolving pedagogical patterns: the work of the Pedagogical Patterns Project". <i>Computer Science Education</i>. <b>13</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">315–</span>330. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1076%2Fcsed.13.4.315.17493">10.1076/csed.13.4.315.17493</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:3473870">3473870</a>.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pedagogicalpatterns.org">Pedagogical Patterns site</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.tisip.no/E-LEN/tutorial/">E-LEN, tutorial on making e-learning design pattern</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://csis.pace.edu/~bergin/PedPat1.3.html">Fourteen Pedagogical Patterns</a> by Joseph Bergin</li></ul>

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</style><div id="Education397" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Education" title="Education">Education</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-size: 90%;"><div id="Overview150" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Overview</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Glossary_of_education_terms" title="Glossary of education terms">Glossary</a></li>

<li><a href="Index_of_education_articles" title="Index of education articles">Index</a></li>

<li><a href="Outline_of_education" title="Outline of education">Outline</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By perspective</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Educational_aims_and_objectives" title="Educational aims and objectives">Aims and objectives</a>

<ul><li><a href="Learning_standards" title="Learning standards">Learning standards</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Educational_anthropology" title="Educational anthropology">Anthropology</a></li>

<li><a href="Educational_assessment" title="Educational assessment">Assessment</a>

<ul><li><a href="Educational_evaluation" title="Educational evaluation">Evaluation</a>

<ul><li><a href="Course_evaluation" title="Course evaluation">Course evaluation</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Psychometrics" title="Psychometrics">Psychometrics</a></li>

<li><a href="Standards-based_assessment" title="Standards-based assessment">Standards-based</a></li>

<li><a href="Standardized_test" title="Standardized test">Standardized test</a></li>

<li><a href="Teacher_quality_assessment" title="Teacher quality assessment">Teacher quality</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Education_economics" title="Education economics">Economics</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_spending_on_education_as_percentage_of_GDP" title="List of countries by spending on education as percentage of GDP">Spending</a>

<ul><li><a href="Free_education" title="Free education">Free education</a></li>

<li><a href="Tuition_payments" title="Tuition payments">Tuition payments</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Education_sciences" title="Education sciences">Education sciences</a></li>

<li><a href="Evidence-based_education" title="Evidence-based education">Evidence-based</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_education" title="History of education">History</a></li>

<li><a href="Inclusion_(education)" title="Inclusion (education)">Inclusion</a></li>

<li><a href="Educational_leadership" title="Educational leadership">Leadership</a></li>

<li><a href="Educational_neuroscience" title="Educational neuroscience">Neuroscience</a></li>

<li><a href="Pedagogy" title="Pedagogy">Pedagogy</a></li>

<li><a href="Philosophy_of_education" title="Philosophy of education">Philosophy</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_policy" title="Education policy">Policy</a></li>

<li><a href="Politics_in_education" title="Politics in education">Politics</a></li>

<li><a href="Educational_psychology" title="Educational psychology">Psychology</a></li>

<li><a href="Educational_research" title="Educational research">Research</a></li>

<li><a href="Right_to_education" title="Right to education">Rights</a></li>

<li><a href="Sociology_of_education" title="Sociology of education">Sociology</a></li>

<li><a href="Educational_technology" title="Educational technology">Technology</a></li>

<li><a href="Instructional_theory" title="Instructional theory">Instructional</a>

<ul><li><a href="Instructional_design" title="Instructional design">Instructional design</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_education_by_subject" title="List of education by subject">By subject</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Agricultural_education" title="Agricultural education">Agricultural</a></li>

<li><a href="Bilingual_education" title="Bilingual education">Bilingual</a></li>

<li><a href="Business_education" title="Business education">Business</a></li>

<li><a href="Chemistry_education" title="Chemistry education">Chemistry</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer_science_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer science education">Computer science</a></li>

<li><a href="Death_education" title="Death education">Death</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_education" title="Design education">Design</a></li>

<li><a href="Economics_education" title="Economics education">Economics</a></li>

<li><a href="Engineering_education" title="Engineering education">Engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmental_education" title="Environmental education">Environmental</a></li>

<li><a href="Euthenics" title="Euthenics">Euthenics</a></li>

<li><a href="Health_education" title="Health education">Health</a></li>

<li><a href="Language_education" title="Language education">Language</a></li>

<li><a href="Legal_education" title="Legal education">Legal</a></li>

<li><a href="Mathematics_education" title="Mathematics education">Mathematics</a></li>

<li><a href="Medical_education" title="Medical education">Medical</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_education_and_training" title="Military education and training">Military</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_education" title="Music education">Music</a></li>

<li><a href="Nurse_education" title="Nurse education">Nursing</a></li>

<li><a href="Peace_education" title="Peace education">Peace</a></li>

<li><a href="Performing_arts_education" title="Performing arts education">Performing arts</a></li>

<li><a href="Philosophy_education" title="Philosophy education">Philosophy</a></li>

<li><a href="Physical_education" title="Physical education">Physical</a></li>

<li><a href="Physics_education" title="Physics education">Physics</a></li>

<li><a href="Reading" title="Reading">Reading</a></li>

<li><a href="Religious_education" title="Religious education">Religious</a></li>

<li><a href="Science_education" title="Science education">Science</a></li>

<li><a href="Teacher_education" title="Teacher education">Teacher</a></li>

<li><a href="Technology_education" title="Technology education">Technology</a></li>

<li><a href="Values_education" title="Values education">Values</a></li>

<li><a href="Vocational_education" title="Vocational education">Vocational</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Alternative_education" title="Alternative education">Alternative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Adult_education" title="Adult education">Adult education</a></li>

<li><a href="Autodidacticism" title="Autodidacticism">Autodidacticism</a></li>

<li><a href="Democratic_education" title="Democratic education">Democratic</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_reform" title="Education reform">Education reform</a></li>

<li><a href="Gifted_education" title="Gifted education">Gifted education</a></li>

<li><a href="Homeschooling" title="Homeschooling">Homeschooling</a></li>

<li><a href="Religious_education" title="Religious education">Religious education</a></li>

<li><a href="Special_education" title="Special education">Special education</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="21st_century_skills" title="21st century skills">21st century skills</a></li>

<li><a href="Educational_accreditation" title="Educational accreditation">Accreditation</a>

<ul><li><a href="Accreditation_mill" title="Accreditation mill">Accreditation mill</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Bloom's_taxonomy" title="Bloom's taxonomy">Bloom's taxonomy</a></li>

<li><a href="Board_of_education" title="Board of education">Board of education</a></li>

<li><a href="Cognitive_load" title="Cognitive load">Cognitive load</a></li>

<li><a href="Classroom_management" title="Classroom management">Classroom management</a>

<ul><li><a href="Class_arrangement" title="Class arrangement">Class arrangement</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Compulsory_education" title="Compulsory education">Compulsory education</a></li>

<li><a href="Critical_thinking" title="Critical thinking">Critical thinking</a></li>

<li><a href="Curriculum" title="Curriculum">Curriculum</a>

<li><a href="Curriculum_development" title="Curriculum development">Development</a></li>

<li><a href="Hidden_curriculum" title="Hidden curriculum">Hidden</a></li>

<li><a href="Curriculum_studies" title="Curriculum studies">Studies</a></li>

<li><a href="Curriculum_theory" title="Curriculum theory">Theory</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Diploma_mill" title="Diploma mill">Diploma mill</a></li>

<li><a href="Learning_theory_(education)" title="Learning theory (education)">Learning theory</a>

<ul><li><a href="Desirable_difficulty" title="Desirable difficulty">Desirable difficulty</a></li>

<li><a href="Spacing_effect" title="Spacing effect">Spacing effect</a></li>

<li><a href="Testing_effect" title="Testing effect">Testing effect</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Lesson_plan" title="Lesson plan">Lesson plan</a></li>

<li><a href="School_choice" title="School choice">School choice</a></li>

<li><a href="School_discipline" title="School discipline">School discipline</a></li>

<li><a href="Teacher_look" title="Teacher look">Teacher look</a></li>

<li><a href="Teacher_retention" title="Teacher retention">Teacher retention</a></li>

<li><a href="Teaching_method" title="Teaching method">Teaching method</a>

<ul><li><a href="Active_learning" title="Active learning">Active learning</a></li>

<li><a href="Blended_learning" title="Blended learning">Blended learning</a></li>

<li><a href="Contemplative_education" title="Contemplative education">Contemplative</a></li>

<li><a href="Demonstration_(teaching)" title="Demonstration (teaching)">Demonstration</a></li>

<li><a href="Dialogic_learning" title="Dialogic learning">Dialogic learning</a></li>

<li><a href="Experiential_learning" title="Experiential learning">Experiential</a></li>

<li><a href="Corrective_feedback" title="Corrective feedback">Feedback</a></li>

<li><a href="Passive_learning" title="Passive learning">Passive</a></li>

<li><a href="Peer_instruction" title="Peer instruction">Peer instruction</a></li>

<li><a href="Personalized_learning" title="Personalized learning">Personalized</a></li>

<li><a href="Phenomenon-based_learning" title="Phenomenon-based learning">Phenomenon-based</a></li>

<li><a href="Problem-based_learning" title="Problem-based learning">Problem-based</a></li>

<li><a href="Problem_solving" title="Problem solving">Problem solving</a></li>

<li><a href="Project-based_learning" title="Project-based learning">Project-based</a></li>

<li><a href="Student-centered_learning" title="Student-centered learning">Student-centered</a></li>

<li><a href="Socratic_questioning" title="Socratic questioning">Socratic</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Teaching_philosophy" title="Teaching philosophy">Teaching philosophy</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wikimedia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Subject:Education" class="extiw external" title="b:Subject:Education">Books</a></li>

<li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/education" class="extiw external" title="wikt:education">Definitions</a></li>

<li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Education" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Education">Images</a></li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Education" class="extiw external" title="v:Education">Learning resources</a></li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Education" class="extiw external" title="q:Education">Quotes</a></li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Education" class="extiw external" title="s:Education">Texts</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-size: 90%;"><div id="Stages197" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Educational_stage" title="Educational stage">Stages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="Early_childhood_education" title="Early childhood education">Early childhood education</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="Primary_education" title="Primary education">Primary education</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">Secondary education</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary education">Tertiary education</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:20%;"><div>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="Preschool" title="Preschool">Preschool</a><br>→</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="Kindergarten" title="Kindergarten">Kindergarten</a><br>→</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20%;"><div>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">Infant<br>→</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Junior<br>→</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20%;"><div>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="Middle_school" title="Middle school">Middle school</a><br>→</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">High school<br>→</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:40%;"><div>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">Higher education</a><br> </td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="Vocational_education" title="Vocational education">Vocational</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="Further_education" title="Further education">Further</a><br>(<a href="Continuing_education" title="Continuing education">Continuing</a>)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:50%;"><div>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="Undergraduate_education" title="Undergraduate education">Undergraduate</a><br>→</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">Postgraduate</a><br> </td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist">

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> <a href="Portal%3AEducation" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Education">Portal</a></li></ul>

</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-size: 90%;"><div id="Education_by_region397" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Education by region</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-size:88%;"><div id="Education_in_Africa273" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Education_in_Africa" title="Education in Africa">Education in Africa </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Education_in_Algeria" title="Education in Algeria">Algeria</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Angola" title="Education in Angola">Angola</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Benin" title="Education in Benin">Benin</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Botswana" title="Education in Botswana">Botswana</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Education in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Burundi" title="Education in Burundi">Burundi</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Cameroon" title="Education in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Cape_Verde" title="Education in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Education in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_the_Comoros" title="Education in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Education in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Education in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Djibouti" title="Education in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Egypt" title="Education in Egypt">Egypt</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Education in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Eritrea" title="Education in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Eswatini" title="Education in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Ethiopia" title="Education in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Gabon" title="Education in Gabon">Gabon</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_the_Gambia" title="Education in the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Ghana" title="Education in Ghana">Ghana</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Guinea" title="Education in Guinea">Guinea</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Education in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Ivory_Coast" title="Education in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Kenya" title="Education in Kenya">Kenya</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Lesotho" title="Education in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Liberia" title="Education in Liberia">Liberia</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Libya" title="Education in Libya">Libya</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Madagascar" title="Education in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Malawi" title="Education in Malawi">Malawi</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Mauritania" title="Education in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Mauritius" title="Education in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Morocco" title="Education in Morocco">Morocco</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Mozambique" title="Education in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Namibia" title="Education in Namibia">Namibia</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Niger" title="Education in Niger">Niger</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Nigeria" title="Education in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Rwanda" title="Education in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Senegal" title="Education in Senegal">Senegal</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Seychelles" title="Education in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Sierra_Leone" title="Education in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Somalia" title="Education in Somalia">Somalia</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_South_Africa" title="Education in South Africa">South Africa</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_South_Sudan" title="Education in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Sudan" title="Education in Sudan">Sudan</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Tanzania" title="Education in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Tunisia" title="Education in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Uganda" title="Education in Uganda">Uganda</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Zambia" title="Education in Zambia">Zambia</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Zimbabwe" title="Education in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited<br>recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Somaliland" title="Education in Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br>other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div>

<ul><li>Canary Islands<span class="nowrap"> </span>/ Ceuta<span class="nowrap"> </span>/ Melilla<span class="nowrap"> </span>(Spain)</li>

<li>Madeira<span class="nowrap"> </span>(Portugal)</li>

<li>Mayotte<span class="nowrap"> </span>/ Réunion<span class="nowrap"> </span>(France)</li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Saint_Helena" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>/ Ascension Island<span class="nowrap"> </span>/ <a href="Education_in_Tristan_da_Cunha" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>(United Kingdom)</li></ul>

</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-size:88%;"><div id="Education_in_Asia413" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Education_in_Asia" title="Education in Asia">Education in Asia </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Education_in_Afghanistan" title="Education in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Armenia" title="Education in Armenia">Armenia</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Azerbaijan" title="Education in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Bahrain" title="Education in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Bangladesh" title="Education in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Bhutan" title="Education in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Brunei" title="Education in Brunei">Brunei</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Cambodia" title="Education in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_China" title="Education in China">China</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Cyprus" title="Education in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Egypt" title="Education in Egypt">Egypt</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Education in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_India" title="Education in India">India</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Indonesia" title="Education in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Israel" title="Education in Israel">Israel</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Japan" title="Education in Japan">Japan</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Jordan" title="Education in Jordan">Jordan</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Kazakhstan" title="Education in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_North_Korea" title="Education in North Korea">North Korea</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_South_Korea" title="Education in South Korea">South Korea</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Kuwait" title="Education in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Education in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Lebanon" title="Education in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Malaysia" title="Education in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_the_Maldives" title="Education in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Mongolia" title="Education in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Myanmar" title="Education in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Nepal" title="Education in Nepal">Nepal</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Pakistan" title="Education in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_the_Philippines" title="Education in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Qatar" title="Education in Qatar">Qatar</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Russia" title="Education in Russia">Russia</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Education in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Singapore" title="Education in Singapore">Singapore</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Education in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Syria" title="Education in Syria">Syria</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Tajikistan" title="Education in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Thailand" title="Education in Thailand">Thailand</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Timor-Leste" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste (East Timor)</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Turkey" title="Education in Turkey">Turkey</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Turkmenistan" title="Education in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Education in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Uzbekistan" title="Education in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Vietnam" title="Education in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Yemen" title="Education in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br>limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Abkhazia</li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Education in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Palestine" title="Education in Palestine">Palestine</a></li>

<li>South Ossetia</li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Taiwan" title="Education in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br>other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>British Indian Ocean Territory</li>

<li>Christmas Island</li>

<li>Cocos (Keeling) Islands</li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Macau" title="Education in Macau">Macau</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> <a href="Portal%3AAsia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-size:88%;"><div id="Education_in_Europe124" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Education in Europe </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Education_in_Albania" title="Education in Albania">Albania</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Andorra">Andorra</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Armenia" title="Education in Armenia">Armenia</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Austria" title="Education in Austria">Austria</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Azerbaijan" title="Education in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Belarus" title="Education in Belarus">Belarus</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Belgium" title="Education in Belgium">Belgium</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Education in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Bulgaria" title="Education in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Croatia" title="Education in Croatia">Croatia</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Cyprus" title="Education in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Education in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Denmark" title="Education in Denmark">Denmark</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Estonia" title="Education in Estonia">Estonia</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Finland" title="Education in Finland">Finland</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_France" title="Education in France">France</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Education in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Germany" title="Education in Germany">Germany</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Greece" title="Education in Greece">Greece</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Hungary" title="Education in Hungary">Hungary</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Iceland" title="Education in Iceland">Iceland</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Education in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Italy" title="Education in Italy">Italy</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Kazakhstan" title="Education in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Latvia" title="Education in Latvia">Latvia</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Liechtenstein" title="Education in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Lithuania" title="Education in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Luxembourg" title="Education in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Malta" title="Education in Malta">Malta</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Moldova" title="Education in Moldova">Moldova</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Monaco">Monaco</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Montenegro" title="Education in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_the_Netherlands" title="Education in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_North_Macedonia" title="Education in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Norway" title="Education in Norway">Norway</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Poland" title="Education in Poland">Poland</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Portugal" title="Education in Portugal">Portugal</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Romania" title="Education in Romania">Romania</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Russia" title="Education in Russia">Russia</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_San_Marino" title="Education in San Marino">San Marino</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Serbia" title="Education in Serbia">Serbia</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Slovakia" title="Education in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Slovenia" title="Education in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Spain" title="Education in Spain">Spain</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Sweden" title="Education in Sweden">Sweden</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Switzerland" title="Education in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Turkey" title="Education in Turkey">Turkey</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Ukraine" title="Education in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Education in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br>recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Abkhazia</li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Kosovo" title="Education in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Education in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li>

<li>South Ossetia</li>

<li>Transnistria</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br>other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Education_in_%C3%85land" title="Education in Åland">Åland</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Education in the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Gibraltar" title="Education in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Guernsey" title="Education in Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Jersey" title="Education in Jersey">Jersey</a></li>

<li>Svalbard</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Education_in_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-size:88%;"><div id="Education_in_North_America161" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Education in North America</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Education_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Education in Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_the_Bahamas" title="Education in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Barbados" title="Education in Barbados">Barbados</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Belize" title="Education in Belize">Belize</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Canada" title="Education in Canada">Canada</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Costa_Rica" title="Education in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Dominica" title="Education in Dominica">Dominica</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Education in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_El_Salvador" title="Education in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Grenada" title="Education in Grenada">Grenada</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Guatemala" title="Education in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Haiti" title="Education in Haiti">Haiti</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Honduras" title="Education in Honduras">Honduras</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Jamaica" title="Education in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Mexico" title="Education in Mexico">Mexico</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Nicaragua" title="Education in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Panama" title="Education in Panama">Panama</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Education in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Saint_Lucia" title="Education in Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Education in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Education in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_the_United_States" title="Education in the United States">United States</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br>other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Education_in_Anguilla" title="Education in Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Aruba" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Aruba">Aruba</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li>

<li>Bonaire</li>

<li><a href="Education_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="Education in the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Education in the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li>

<li>Curaçao</li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Greenland" title="Education in Greenland">Greenland</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Guadeloupe" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li>

<li>Martinique</li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Montserrat" title="Education in Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Education in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li>

<li>Saint Barthélemy</li>

<li>Saint Martin</li>

<li>Saint Pierre and Miquelon</li>

<li>Sint Eustatius</li>

<li>Sint Maarten</li>

<li><a href="Education_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in the United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-size:88%;"><div id="Education_in_Oceania110" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Education in Oceania</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Education_in_Australia" title="Education in Australia">Australia</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Education in the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Indonesia" title="Education in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Kiribati" title="Education in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_the_Marshall_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Nauru" title="Education in Nauru">Nauru</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_New_Zealand" title="Education in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Palau" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Palau">Palau</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Education in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Samoa">Samoa</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_the_Solomon_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in the Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Timor-Leste" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Tonga" title="Education in Tonga">Tonga</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Tuvalu" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Vanuatu" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states<br>of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Education_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="Education in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies<br>and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Education_in_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li>

<li>Christmas Island</li>

<li>Cocos (Keeling) Islands</li>

<li>Easter Island</li>

<li><a href="Education_in_French_Polynesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li>

<li>New Caledonia</li>

<li>Norfolk Island</li>

<li><a href="Education_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Education in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Tokelau" title="Education in Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li>

<li>Wallis and Futuna</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-size:88%;"><div id="Education_in_South_America213" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Education in South America</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Education_in_Argentina" title="Education in Argentina">Argentina</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Bolivia" title="Education in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Brazil" title="Education in Brazil">Brazil</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Chile" title="Education in Chile">Chile</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Colombia" title="Education in Colombia">Colombia</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Ecuador" title="Education in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Guyana" title="Education in Guyana">Guyana</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Paraguay" title="Education in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Suriname" title="Education in Suriname">Suriname</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Uruguay" title="Education in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Venezuela" title="Education in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br>other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Education_in_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Education in the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_French_Guiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li>

<li><span style="white-space:normal;">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Portal%3ASchools" title="Portal:Schools">Schools portal</a></b></li>

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This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-07-31" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Pedagogical_pattern&oldid=1237718438">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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